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浅析SQL Server 一个没有公开的存储过程

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发表于 2009-1-17 08:32:58 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式

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  从SQLSERVER6.5开始,MS提供了一个非常有用的系统存储过程sp_MSforeachtable和sp_MSforeachDB;作为DBA会经常需要检查所有的数据库或用户表,比如:检查所有数据库的容量;看看指定数据库所有用户表的容量,所有表的记录数...,我们一般处理这样的问题都是用游标分别处理处理,比如:在数据库检索效率非常慢时,我们想检查数据库所有的用户表,我们就必须这样写游标:   DECLARE @TableName varchar(255)   DECLARE @ExeSQL varchar(4000)      DECLARE Table_Cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT [name] FROM sysobjects WHERE xtype='U'      OPEN Table_Cursor   FETCH NEXT FROM Table_Cursor INTO @TableName      WHILE(@@FETCH_STATUS=0)   BEGIN    PRINT @TableName    SELECT @ExeSQL='DBCC CHECKTABLE(''' @TableName ''')'    EXEC(@EXESQL)   FETCH NEXT FROM Table_Cursor INTO @TableName   END      CLOSE Table_Cursor   DEALLOCATE Table_Cursor   GO      如果我们用sp_MSforeachtable就可以非常方便的达到相同的目的:   EXEC sp_MSforeachtable @command1="print '?' DBCC CHECKTABLE('?')"   大家可以看出这样就更加简洁(虽然在后台也是通过游标来处理的),下面我们就仔细分析一下sp_MSforeachtable这个存储过程:      我们看看sp_MSforeachtable详细的CODE:   USE MASTER   GO   SP_HELPTEXT sp_MSforeachtable      --下面时sp_MSforeachtable的原始代码      CREATE proc sp_MSforeachtable    @command1 nvarchar(2000), @replacechar nchar(1) = N'?', @command2 nvarchar(2000) = null,     @command3 nvarchar(2000) = null, @whereand nvarchar(2000) = null,    @precommand nvarchar(2000) = null, @postcommand nvarchar(2000) = null   as    /* This proc returns one or more rows for each table (optionally, matching @where), with each table defaulting to its      own result set */    /* @precommand and @postcommand may be used to force a single result set via a temp table. */       /* Preprocessor won't replace within quotes so have to use str(). */    declare @mscat nvarchar(12)    select @mscat = ltrim(str(convert(int, 0x0002)))       if (@precommand is not null)    exec(@precommand)       /* Create the select */     exec(N'declare hCForEach cursor global for select ''['' REPLACE(user_name(uid), N'']'', N'']]'') '']'' ''.'' ''[''       REPLACE(object_name(id), N'']'', N'']]'') '']'' from dbo.sysobjects o '        N' where OBJECTPROPERTY(o.id, N''IsUserTable'') = 1 ' N' and o.category & ' @mscat N' = 0 '        @whereand)    declare @retval int    select @retval = @@error    if (@retval = 0)    exec @retval = sp_MSforeach_worker @command1, @replacechar, @command2, @command3       if (@retval = 0 and @postcommand is not null)    exec(@postcommand)       return @retval      这个系统存储过程有7个参数:    @command1 nvarchar(2000), --第一条运行的T-SQL指令    @replacechar nchar(1) = N'?',  --指定的占位符号    @command2 nvarchar(2000) = null,--第二条运行的T-SQL指令     @command3 nvarchar(2000) = null, --第三条运行的T-SQL指令    @whereand nvarchar(2000) = null, --可选条件来选择表    @precommand nvarchar(2000) = null, --在表前执行的指令    @postcommand nvarchar(2000) = null --在表后执行的指令         所以上面的语句也可以这样写:   EXEC sp_MSforeachtable @command1="print '?'",        @command2= "DBCC CHECKTABLE('?')"      了解参数以后,就让我们做几个实列吧:   1.获得每个表的记录数和容量:   EXEC sp_MSforeachtable @command1="print '?'",        @command2="sp_spaceused '?'",        @command3= "SELECT count(*) FROM ? "      2.更新PUBS数据库中已t开头的所有表的统计:   EXEC sp_MSforeachtable @whereand="and name like 't%'",        @replacechar='*',        @precommand="print 'Updating Statistics.....' print ''",        @command1="print '*' update statistics * ",        @postcommand= "print''print 'Complete Update Statistics!'"         sp_MSforeachDB除了@whereand外,和sp_MSforeachtable的参数是一样的,我们可以通过这个存储过程检测所有的数据库,比如:   1.获得所有的数据库的存储空间:       EXEC sp_MSforeachdb @command1="print '?'",                        @command2="sp_spaceused "   2.检查所有的数据库       EXEC sp_MSforeachdb @command1="print '?'",                         @command2="DBCC CHECKDB (?) "      有了上面的分析,我们可以建立自己的sp_MSforeachObject:   USE MASTER   GO   CREATE proc sp_MSforeachObject    @objectType int=1,    @command1 nvarchar(2000),    @replacechar nchar(1) = N'?',    @command2 nvarchar(2000) = null,     @command3 nvarchar(2000) = null,    @whereand nvarchar(2000) = null,    @precommand nvarchar(2000) = null,    @postcommand nvarchar(2000) = null   as    /* This proc returns one or more rows for each table (optionally, matching @where), with each table defaulting to its      own result set */    /* @precommand and @postcommand may be used to force a single result set via a temp table. */       /* Preprocessor won't replace within quotes so have to use str(). */    declare @mscat nvarchar(12)    select @mscat = ltrim(str(convert(int, 0x0002)))       if (@precommand is not null)    exec(@precommand)       /* Defined @isobject for save object type */    Declare @isobject varchar(256)       select @isobject= case @objectType when 1 then 'IsUserTable'        when 2 then 'IsView'        when 3 then 'IsTrigger'        when 4 then 'IsProcedure'        when 5 then 'IsDefault'         when 6 then 'IsForeignKey'        when 7 then 'IsScalarFunction'        when 8 then 'IsInlineFunction'        when 9 then 'IsPrimaryKey'        when 10 then 'IsExtendedProc'          when 11 then 'IsReplProc'        when 12 then 'IsRule'            end       /* Create the select */    /* Use @isobject variable isstead of IsUserTable string */   EXEC(N'declare hCForEach cursor global for select ''['' REPLACE(user_name(uid), N'']'', N'']]'') '']'' ''.'' ''[''      REPLACE(object_name(id), N'']'', N'']]'') '']'' from dbo.sysobjects o '        N' where OBJECTPROPERTY(o.id, N''' @isobject ''') = 1 ' N' and o.category & ' @mscat N' = 0 '       @whereand)       declare @retval int    select @retval = @@error    if (@retval = 0)    exec @retval = sp_MSforeach_worker @command1, @replacechar, @command2, @command3       if (@retval = 0 and @postcommand is not null)    exec(@postcommand)       return @retval      GO   这样我们来测试一下:   1.获得所有的存储过程的脚本:        EXEc sp_MSforeachObject @command1="sp_helptext '?' ",@objectType=4   2.获得所有的视图的脚本:        EXEc sp_MSforeachObject @command1="sp_helptext '?' ",@objectType=2   3.比如在开发过程中,没一个用户都是自己的OBJECT OWNER,所以在真实的数据库时都要改为DBO:         EXEc sp_MSforeachObject @command1="sp_changeobjectowner '?', 'dbo'",@objectType=1         EXEc sp_MSforeachObject @command1="sp_changeobjectowner '?', 'dbo'",@objectType=2         EXEc sp_MSforeachObject @command1="sp_changeobjectowner '?', 'dbo'",@objectType=3          EXEc sp_MSforeachObject @command1="sp_changeobjectowner '?', 'dbo'",@objectType=4   这样就非常方便的将每一个数据库对象改为DBO. <
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